Causes of infertility

Infertility is defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. It is a common condition affecting about 1 in 6 couples trying to conceive.

The major causes of infertility include:

Male factors

  • Sperm problems: low count, motility, vitality and/or morphology
  • No sperm present in semen: usually due to obstructions or failure of the testicles
  • Sexual dysfunctions: problems with erection or ejaculation

Female factors

  • Ovulation problems: polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian failure, other endocrine problems
  • Tubal obstruction due to previous surgery, infection or endometriosis. Sometimes fluid may accumulate in the blocked fallopian tube (‘hydrosalpinx’), which would impact natural fertility and also IVF success.
  • Endometriosis
  • Sexual dysfunctions: difficulty in vaginal intercourse 

Unexplained infertility

  • No cause can be identified after investigations.

In some couples, more than one factor may be identified.






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