Gynaecological Problems

Many women are not sure about the differences between common gynecological diseases such as uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and endometriosis.

• Uterine fibroids: 
  These are common benign tumors. Approximately 1 in 4 women in Hong Kong are affected by uterine fibroids, with a higher prevalence among women of reproductive age and an increased risk associated with advancing age. Patients usually have no symptoms, but when the fibroids grow larger, they may experience symptoms such as abdominal pain, abnormal menstrual cycles, or abnormal menstrual bleeding. Most patients with uterine fibroids do not require surgery, but they should consult a doctor as soon as possible to avoid affecting their chances of pregnancy. 
   
• Ovarian cysts: 
  These are benign cystic structures filled with fluid that often form on the surface or inside of the ovaries. They are common in women of reproductive age. Patients generally have no symptoms, but when the cysts become larger or rupture, they may experience symptoms such as abdominal pain or infertility. Doctors will determine the treatment method based on the type and size of the cyst, as well as the patient's age and symptoms, including observation, medication, or surgical treatment.
   
• Endometriosis: 
  This is a condition in which the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus grows outside of it, often on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic cavity, and forms cysts filled with brown fluid, also known as "chocolate cysts." About 10 out of every 100 women are affected by endometriosis, which can cause symptoms such as menstrual pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, painful intercourse, pelvic pain, difficulty urinating or defecating, diarrhea, and even infertility.